Application of ergonomic

Applications
Ergonomic Tips for Computer Users. Employees who use a desktop computer, whether at work or home, can improve their own personal ergonomics — and avoid injury — by incorporating a few basic principles. Go here to learn more about making computer use safer and more comfortable..
Ergonomic Tips for Computer Users. Employees who use a desktop computer, whether at work or home, can improve their own personal ergonomics — and avoid injury — by incorporating a few basic principles. Go here to learn more about making computer use safer and more comfortable.[6].

The more than twenty technical subgroups within the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society [7] (HFES) indicate the range of applications for ergonomics. Human factors engineering continues to be successfully applied in the fields of aerospace, aging, health care, IT, product design, transportation, training, nuclear and virtual environments, among others. Kim Vicente, a University of Toronto Professor of Ergonomics, argues that the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl is attributable to plant designers not paying enough attention to human factors. "The operators were trained but the complexity of the reactor and the control panels nevertheless outstripped their ability to grasp what they were seeing [during the prelude to the disaster]."

Physical ergonomics is important in the medical field, particularly to those diagnosed with physiological ailments or disorders such as arthritis (both chronic and temporary) or carpal tunnel syndrome. Pressure that is insignificant or imperceptible to those unaffected by these disorders may be very painful, or render a device unusable, for those who are. Many ergonomically designed products are also used or recommended to treat or prevent such disorders, and to treat pressure-related chronic pain.

Human factors issues arise in simple systems and consumer products as well. Some examples include cellular telephones and other handheld devices that continue to shrink yet grow more complex (a phenomenon referred to as "creeping featurism"), millions of VCRs blinking "12:00" across the world because very few people can figure out how to program them, or alarm clocks that allow sleepy users to inadvertently turn off the alarm when they mean to hit 'snooze'. A user-centered design (UCD), also known as a systems approach or the usability engineering lifecycle aims to improve the user-system.

[edit] Design of Ergonomics Experiments

There is a specific series of steps that should be used in order to properly design an ergonomics experiment. First, one should select a problem that has practical impact. The problem should support or test a current theory. The user should select one or a few dependent variable(s) which usually measures safety, health, and/or physiological performance. Independent variable(s) should also be chosen at different levels. Normally, this involves paid participants, the existing environment, equipment, and/or software. When testing the users, one should give careful instructions describing the method or task and then get voluntary consent. The user should recognize all the possible combinations and interactions to notice the many differences that could occur. Multiple observations and trials should be conducted and compared to maximize the best results. Once completed, redesigning within and between subjects should be done to vary the data. It is often that permission is needed from the Institutional Review Board before an experiment can be done. A mathematical model should be used so that the data will be clear once the experiment is completed.

The experiment starts with a pilot test. Make sure in advance that the subjects understand the test, the equipment works, and that the test is able to be finished within the given time. When the experiment actually begins, the subjects should be paid for their work. All times and other measurements should be carefully measured and recorded. Once all the data is compiled, it should be analyzed, reduced, and formatted in the right way. A report explaining the experiment should be written. It should often display statistics including an ANOVA table, plots, and means of central tendency. A final paper should be written and edited after numerous drafts to ensure an adequate report is the final product.

[edit] Ergonomics in the workplace
Fundamentals for the Flexible Workplace Variability and compatibility with desk components, that flex from individual work activities to team settings. Workstations provide supportive ergonomics for task-intensive environments.
Fundamentals for the Flexible Workplace Variability and compatibility with desk components, that flex from individual work activities to team settings. Workstations provide supportive ergonomics for task-intensive environments.[8]

Outside of the discipline itself, the term 'ergonomics' is generally used to refer to physical ergonomics as it relates to the workplace (as in for example ergonomic chairs and keyboards). Ergonomics in the workplace has to do largely with the safety of employees, both long and short-term. Ergonomics can help reduce costs by improving safety. This would decrease the money paid out in workers’ compensation. For example, over five million workers sustain overextension injuries per year. Through ergonomics, workplaces can be designed so that workers do not have to overextend themselves and the manufacturing industry could save billions in workers’ compensation.

Workplaces may either take the reactive or proactive approach when applying ergonomics practices. Reactive ergonomics is when something needs to be fixed, and corrective action is taken. Proactive ergonomics is the process of seeking areas that could be improved and fixing the issues before they become a large problem. Problems may be fixed through equipment design or task design. Equipment design changes the actual, physical devices used by people. Task design changes what people do with the equipment. Environmental design changes the environment in which people work, but not the physical equipment they use.

Ergonomics

Ergonomics


Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace to fit the worker. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability.
Ergonomics is the science of designing the job, equipment, and workplace to fit the worker. Proper ergonomic design is necessary to prevent repetitive strain injuries, which can develop over time and can lead to long-term disability.[1]

Ergonomics is the scientific discipline concerned with designing according to the human needs, and the profession that applies theory, principles, data and methods to design in order to optimize human well-being and overall system performance. [2] The field is also called human engineering, and human factors engineering.

Ergonomic research is primarily performed by ergonomists, who study human capabilities in relationship to their work demands. Information derived from ergonomists contributes to the design and evaluation of tasks, jobs, products, environments and systems in order to make them compatible with the needs, abilities and limitations of people.[3]

Ergonomi

Ergonomi : Ini adalah tugas anda

Oleh : William Etchison, M.S., Columbus, Georgia
diterjemahkan oleh Arif Yulianto, SSt.FT


Ergonomi adalah ilmu terapan yang menjelaskan interaksi antara manusia dengan tempat kerjanya. Ergonomi antara lain memeriksa kemampuan fisik para pekerja, lingkungan tempat kerja, dan tugas yang dilengkapi dan mengaplikasikan informasi ini dengan desain model alat, perlengkapan, metode-metode kerja yang dibutuhkan tugas menyeluruh dengan aman.
Masing-masing pekerja mempunyai tanggung jawab sendiri-sendiri untuk mengetahui tentang fokus keselamatan lingkungan kerja untuk diri mereka sendiri dan atasan mereka. Tujuan akhir dari program ergonomi adalah untuk kesempurnaan kerja dengan meminimalkan tekanan kerja yang mungkin bagi tubuh.


Faktor-faktor resiko kerja

Hampir semua pekerjaan, apapun bentuknya, pasti mempunyai faktor-faktor yang bisa menyebabkan cidera. Factor-faktor resiko bisa berupa kekuatas (kuantitas usaha yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan tugas) seperti mendorong, menarik, menggenggam, dan mengangkat; pengulangan ( jumlah waktu gerakan yang diulang-ulang); getaran atau tekanan pada telapak tangan, pembukaan panas atau dingin. Postur pekerja juga dapat mengakibatkan resiko cidera. Misalnya, cidera bisa terjadi apabila kepala dan leher pekerja membungkuk ke depan, kebelakang, atau ke samping dalam waktu yang lama; apabila pekerjaan di atas level bahu, apabila suatu pekerjaan mengharuskan pergelangan tangan terlalu menekuk atau siku terlekan tertekan dari tubuh; apabila suatu pekerjaan mengharuskan gerakan membungkuk, memutar, menggapai sesuatu, atau apabila pekerjaan mengharuskan untuk berjongkok atau berlutut untuk beberapa waktu lamanya.
Merkipun factor-faktor resiko terlihat berlebihan, membuat beberapa perubahan-perubahan teknik yang sederhana dapat mengurangi resiko cidera secara ampuh. Perubahan-perubahan fisik, seperti tata ruang (merubah model tempat kerja) dan menambah atau menyesuaikan peralatan dan perlengkapan dapat mengurangi resiko secara ampuh.
Tugas bagi para pimpinan

Para pemimpin dapat melakukan tugas mereka dengan mengajari pekerja bagaimana melakukan suatu pekerjaan dengan benar. Mereka juga dapat menggunakan pengaruh mereka dalam beberapa kondisi, seperti mengijinkan pekerja menyesuaikan pekerjaan baru mereka secara bertahap dengan memberikan ijin untuk istirahat dalam kondisi tertentu. Teknik ergonomi yang lain yang bisa mengurangi cidera antara lain, meyakinkan bahwa pekerjaan dibentuk secara sempurna untuk postur dan posisi, dan mengurangi pengulangan dengan memperluas jumlah tugas yang dilakukan oleh seorang individu. Memberikan latihan untuk pekerja dalam beberapa pekerjaan yang berbeda dengan perbedaan factor resiko dan merotasi mereka dalam pekerjaan mereka juga dapat mengurangi cidera dengan gerakan yang berulang.
Masa depan perusahaan anda tergantung dari peningkatan kualitas dan efisien secara kontinyu sehingga mampu menghadapi kompetisi. Menjaga kesehatan kekuatan kerja adalah bagian yang sangat penting dalam menghadapi tantangan. Pimpinan anda membutuhkan keahlian personal anda untuk membuat pekerjaan berubah, jadi dengan keterlibatan, dan menjadi bagian dari solusi ergonomi. Akhirnya, adalah tugas anda mereka inginkan untuk meningkat.